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| Psychosocial treatment of needle phobia in children ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
While needle phobia is not age-specific, it is more common in children than in adults. The latest research from all fields indicates that needle-fear is predominant among children fears with some research claiming that up to 93% of children experience () stress."Ives, Mary and Sherri Melrose. "Immunizing Children Who Fear and Resist Needles: Is It a Problem for Nurses?" Nursing Forum (2010): 29-39. Many studies have been performed investigating psychosocial methods of helping children cope with their fear. Current research in this area has investigated several types of non-invasive treatments to aid children in their needle phobia. These can be categorized into distraction techniques and other methods. These techniques offer safer, cheaper alternatives to drug or anesthetic treatments (see Treatment).== Distraction treatments ==Distraction treatments take advantage of the brain's inability to pay full attention to two things at once. Distraction works by passively or actively redirecting the child's attention away from the needle in the medical procedure at hand, leaving "less attention available to perceive pain."Murphy, Gemma. "Distraction techniques for venepuncture: a review." Paediatric Nursing (2009): 18-20. Taking the child's attention from the needle also lessens his or her ability to feel anxiety; this is important because a large part of needle phobia is the anticipatory stress caused by the needle. This phenomenon is referred to as an "analgesic effect," meaning "pain-relieving effect." Distraction treatments can be divided into passive and active distraction.Fung, Elizabeth. "Psychosocial management of fear of needles in children." Haemophilia (2009): 635-636.
While needle phobia is not age-specific, it is more common in children than in adults. The latest research from all fields indicates that needle-fear is predominant among children fears with some research claiming that up to 93% of children experience () stress."〔Ives, Mary and Sherri Melrose. "Immunizing Children Who Fear and Resist Needles: Is It a Problem for Nurses?" Nursing Forum (2010): 29-39.〕 Many studies have been performed investigating psychosocial methods of helping children cope with their fear. Current research in this area has investigated several types of non-invasive treatments to aid children in their needle phobia. These can be categorized into distraction techniques and other methods. These techniques offer safer, cheaper alternatives to drug or anesthetic treatments (see Treatment).
== Distraction treatments ==
Distraction treatments take advantage of the brain's inability to pay full attention to two things at once. Distraction works by passively or actively redirecting the child's attention away from the needle in the medical procedure at hand, leaving "less attention available to perceive pain."〔Murphy, Gemma. "Distraction techniques for venepuncture: a review." Paediatric Nursing (2009): 18-20.〕 Taking the child's attention from the needle also lessens his or her ability to feel anxiety; this is important because a large part of needle phobia is the anticipatory stress caused by the needle. This phenomenon is referred to as an "analgesic effect," meaning "pain-relieving effect." Distraction treatments can be divided into passive and active distraction.〔Fung, Elizabeth. "Psychosocial management of fear of needles in children." Haemophilia (2009): 635-636.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「While needle phobia is not age-specific, it is more common in children than in adults. The latest research from all fields indicates that needle-fear is predominant among children fears with some research claiming that up to 93% of children experience () stress."Ives, Mary and Sherri Melrose. "Immunizing Children Who Fear and Resist Needles: Is It a Problem for Nurses?" Nursing Forum (2010): 29-39. Many studies have been performed investigating psychosocial methods of helping children cope with their fear. Current research in this area has investigated several types of non-invasive treatments to aid children in their needle phobia. These can be categorized into distraction techniques and other methods. These techniques offer safer, cheaper alternatives to drug or anesthetic treatments (see Treatment).== Distraction treatments ==Distraction treatments take advantage of the brain's inability to pay full attention to two things at once. Distraction works by passively or actively redirecting the child's attention away from the needle in the medical procedure at hand, leaving "less attention available to perceive pain."Murphy, Gemma. "Distraction techniques for venepuncture: a review." Paediatric Nursing (2009): 18-20. Taking the child's attention from the needle also lessens his or her ability to feel anxiety; this is important because a large part of needle phobia is the anticipatory stress caused by the needle. This phenomenon is referred to as an "analgesic effect," meaning "pain-relieving effect." Distraction treatments can be divided into passive and active distraction.Fung, Elizabeth. "Psychosocial management of fear of needles in children." Haemophilia (2009): 635-636.」の詳細全文を読む
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